Additional information and help with the boot.ini.

Additional information:

The "boot.ini" is a Microsoft initialization file found on the Microsoft Windows NT, Microsoft Windows 2000, and Microsoft Windows XP operating systems. This file is always located on the root directory of the primary hard disk drive. In other words, it is located at "C:\" directory or the "C Drive". This file is used by Microsoft Windows as a method of displaying a menu of operating systems currently on the computer and allowing the user to easily select which operating system to load. In addition, this file is also used to point to the locations of each of the operating systems.

Basic example of the boot.ini file

[boot loader]
timeout=5
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition" /fastdetect

In the above example, the boot.ini contains two sections, the "[boot loader]", and "[operating systems]". Within the boot loader section there are two lines. The "timeout" line is used for how long the boot menu time should be displayed, in seconds; we recommend that the timeout be set to at least five if you wish the computer to boot faster and commonly use the default operating systems. The "default" line is the default operating system that the boot.ini will load. If multiple operating systems are in the boot.ini, the default operating system will be automatically selected and used if the user does not specify a different operating system by the time the timeout value expires.

The next section, or the "operating system" section, is used to list and specify the location of each of the operating systems installed on the computer. Below is a listing of each of the options.

Option

Description

multi(x)

This option is used with IDE and ESDI drives and is also used with SCSI drives for computers using Windows NT. The number used in the above example is "0", this number is the adapter's number and should always be "0" for computers that rely on the BIOS to load system files.

In a computer using only IDE this option will work with up to four hard disk drives.
In a computer using only SCSI this option will work with the first two drives on the primary SCSI controller.
Finally, if a computer is using IDE and SCSI this option will work with the IDE drives on the first controller.

scsi(x)

If the computer has a SCSI controller and is not using BIOS to load the system files, the boot.ini may have "scsi(x)" instead of "multi(x).

disk(x)

The disk on the controller. If "multi(x)" is used used, this value will always be "0". However, if "scsi(x)" is defined, this value will be SCSI address.

rdisk(x)

Which disk on the controller is being used. In the above example we are using an rdisk of "1", which indicates the second disk on the primary controller is being used. This value may be between "0" and "3" and is always set to "0" when "scsi(x)" is being used.

paritions(x)

Which partition the operating system is on. In the above example, the operating system is on the first partition of the drive.

\WINDOWS="..."

Finally, the last portion of this line defines the directory of where windows is located and what the boot menu should display as the operating system. In the above example, the boot menu would display "Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition" as a selection.

Example of the boot menu

If multiple operating systems are setup in the boot.ini, as the computer is booting you will see a menu similar to the below example. This allows the user to select between multiple operating systems. If your computer does not have multiple operating systems, but this menu still appears each time your computer boots, it is likely that your boot.ini is improperly configured.

Please select the operating system to start:

Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
Microsoft Windows 2000

Use the up and down arrow keys to move the highlight to your choice.
Press ENTER to choose.

For troubleshooting and advanced startup options for Windows, press F8.

How to modify the boot.ini

The boot.ini file is a hidden system file located in the root directory of your primary hard disk drive. To edit this file we recommend you follow the below steps.

From Windows, open an MS-DOS prompt by clicking "Start" and then "Run" and typing "cmd" in the text box. If you are not able to get into a MS-DOS prompt to edit the boot.ini file, boot into the recovery console to edit the file. Additional information about the recovery console can be found on document CH000627.

At the MS-DOS prompt, type:

c: <press enter>
cd\ <press enter>
attrib -r -a -s -h boot.ini <press enter>
edit boot.ini <press enter>

Additional information about the attrib command can be found on our attrib help page.

Additional information about the edit command can be found on our edit help page.

Available boot.ini switches

Below is a listing of available boot.ini switches and a brief explanation. These switches can can be used to help setup or troubleshoot a computer.

Switch

Description

/basevideo

Causes the operating system to use a standard VGA display when booting into the operating system.

/bootlog

Creates a log file named ntbtlog.txt of the computer booting.

/burnmemory

Causes the operating system to ignore the memory specified after the switch. For example, "/burnmemory=64" instructs the operating system to ignore 64MB of physical memory.

/debug

Causes the kernel debugging to be enabled.

/fastdetect

Causes NTDETECT to not detect serial and parallel devices and instead let Plug and Play handle detection.

/maxmem

Limit the operating system to use the maximum memory of what the user specifies. For example, "/maxmem=32" instructs the operating system to use a maximum of 32MB.

/noguiboot

Microsoft Windows 2000 and above switch that, if enabled, will not load the graphics driver to display the graphic as Windows is starting

/nopae

Microsoft Windows 2000 switch that disables the computer's ability to utilize Intel Physical Address Extensions.

/numproc

Instructs the operating system on how many processors it is capable of using.

/onecpu

Causes the operating system to utilize one of the processors in a multi-processor computer.

/pae

Microsoft Windows 2000 switch that enables the computer to utilize Intel Physical Address Extensions.

/pcilock

Prevents the operating system from automatically assigning IO/IRQ resources to PCI devices.

/safeboot

Boot the computer safely. This mode can be easily accessed without modifying any files by pressing the "F8" key as the computer is booting. See CHSAFE for additional information on how to enter Safe Mode.

/sos

Causes the operating system to print out information as it being processed.

/w95

Used when booting Windows 95 or Windows 98.

/w95dos

Used when booting MS-DOS.

/year

Option used to cause the operating system to ignore the year provided by systems the real-time clock and instead utilize the year specified after the switch. For example, a user may type /year=2003.

How to rebuild the boot.ini

Additional information about how to rebuild boot.ini (create a new boot.ini) for your computer can be found on document CH000648.

Additional information and help with the boot.ini.

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How to rebuild the boot.ini